A Theatre

A theatre is place where people entertain the audience, The people who perform, called actor and actress, act in plays on a stage. A stage can be raised platform, or it can be part of the floor in a room, either in the centre of the room or against the wall. The audience is very important part of theatre because it is for the audience that actors and actresses act, and playwright writes. Without an audience, they are only rehearsing or practicing.

      A theatre can be anywhere - in homes, school auditorium, park and a hall. Theatre means action. In this text, theatre is used in connection with performances on stage by live actors and actress. It is living theatre.

     Theatre in the East differs greatly from the west. The Asian theatre is, for the most part, nonrealistic, or symbolic. Western theatre, on the other hand, tends to be realistic.

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Mangrove Trees

A mangrove is a tropical marine tree or shrub of the genus Rhizhopora. Mangroves have special aerial roots and salt-filtering tap roots that enable them to thrive in brackish water brackish water is salty, but not as salty as sea water).

      There are several species or mangrove trees found all over the world. Some prefer more salinity, while others like to ber very close to a large fresh water source (such as a river). Some prefer areas that are sheltered from waves. Some species have their roots covered with sea water every day during high tide. Other species grow on dry land, but are still part of the ecosystem.

      Mangroves need to keep their trunk and leaves above the surface of the water. Yet they also need to be firmly attached to the ground so they also need leaves above by the waves. There are three types of mangrove root that play an important role for it:

1. Support roots which directly pierce the soil
2. Level growing roots which twist upwards and downward, with the upward twist emerging on the water surface.
3. Level-growing roots whose downward twist (sub-roots) appear on the water surface.

     Any part of a root that appears above the water flows oxygen to the plant under surface. As the soil begins to build up, these roots produce additional roots that become embedded in the soil.

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Use Of Formalin And Other Additives In Foods

The use of formalin and other dangerous preservatives in food has been a serious for two reasons. Firstly, formalin is not for human beings, but it is for biological specimen and experiments. Formalin in Biology is a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water which is usually used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens. Thus, it is not for food preservative, it will be very dangerous to human’s body.

The second reason is that there is no tight control from the government. This condition makes the people’s health is really in a threat. When the control is weak and the use of formalin is spread wide all over the Indonesian regions, and these days it has really happened, the citizens’ bodies will be badly contaminated with the poisons. Fish or food traders still sell their products which contain formalin and dangerous preservatives.' Can you imagine that our digestive system absorbs the substance that should be for the human and animal corpses?

Considering the reasons, we can make a conclusion that the use of formalin and other preservatives is really a serious problem if it is not resolved immediately.

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Debating

       
Debate is an activity of an argument between two or more parties, either individually or in groups, in discussing and deciding issues and differences.
       
       In this simple debate, two groups are going to be given the same topic. One group is on the pro side which means agreeing with the case, while the other group is on the oppposing side which means disagreeing with the case.

Each group has to give their opinions about the case. Some example cases that can be debated are:
1. Fishermen are only allowed to catch limited amount of fish everyday.
2. Shark hunters should be given serious punishment.
3. Only school students who live on the coastal areas should learn about marine life.

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Jakarta

Jakarta is the capital of the Republic of Indonesia. It has a population of six million, the largest of any urban center in the southeast Asia. It is located on the alluvial plain of Ciliwung River in northwestern Java. The city is coextensive with its metropolitan area, Jakarta Raya and forming a special capital region. The city has expanded from the Kota, or Old city and now includes the modern port of Tanjung Priok.

The majority of the city's residents are Moslem from west, central and east Java. In the last 30 years, heavy immigration, primarily from the densely populated areas of Java, has encountered for much of the rapid growth. Jakarta is the major industrial and commercial center in Indonesia with textiles and food processing among its more important industries.

Jakarta's port is the nation's center of Indonesia. The Museum of Indonesia Culture, houses both domestic and overseas flights.

Jakarta is also the cultural center of Indonesia. The Museum of Indonesia culture houses both ancient and modern works art.

The University of Indonesia and nine private universities are located here.

Jakarta was settled as a trading center by Hindus and Buddhist from India about 15th century. The Portuguese dominated the area in the 14th century, but they were ousted by the Sultan of Bantam in 1527. He named the city Jayakarta, meaning ." glorious fortress ".

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The Enchanted Fish

There once was a fisherman who lived with his wife in a small hut close by the seaside. The fisherman used to go fishing every day. One day, as he sat in his boat with his rod, looking at the sparkling waves and watching his line, all of a sudden his float was dragged away deep into the water. He quickly started to reel in his line and managed to pull out a huge fish. “Wow! This will feed us for days.” Much to his surprise, the fish started to talk and said, “Pray, let me live! I am not a real fish; I am an enchanted prince. Put me in the water again, and let me me go! Have mercy o' kind fisherman.” The astonished fisherman quickly threw him back, exclaiming, “I don't want to hurt a talking fish! Go on! Go where you came from.”

When the fisherman went home to his wife, he told her everything that had happened and how, on hearing it speak, he had let it go again. “Didn't you ask it for anything?” said the wife. “No, I didn't, what should I have asked for?” replied the fisherman.

“I am surprised you don't realize what you should have asked for. We live very wretchedly here, in this nasty dirty hut. We are poor and I am so miserable. You should have asked for a nice cozy cottage. Now go back and ask the fish that we want a snug little cottage”, said his wife.

The fisherman wasn't sure about this but he still went to the seashore, sat in his boat, went to the middle of the sea and said:

“O enchanted beautiful fish! 
Hear my plea!
My wife wants not what I want, and 
she won't give up till she has her own will, 
so come forth and help me!”

The fish immediately came swimming to him, and said, “Well, what is her will? How can I help your wife?” “Ah!” said the fisherman, “she says that when I had caught you, I ought to have asked you for something before I let you go. She does not like living in our little hut, and wants a snug little cottage.” “Go home, then,” said the fish, “She is already in the cottage!” So the fisherman went home, and saw his wife standing at the door of a nice trim little cottage. “Come in, come on in! Look at the beautiful cottage we have.” Everything went fine for a while, and then one day fisherman's wife said, “Husband, there is not enough room for us in this cottage, go back to the fish and tell him to make me an emperor.” “Wife,” said the fisherman, “I don't want to go to him again. Perhaps he will be angry. We ought to be happy with what the fish has given us and not be greedy.” “Nonsense!” said the wife; “The fish will do it very willingly, I know. Go along and try!”  With a heavy heart the fisherman went to the middle of the sea and said:

“O enchanted beautiful fish! Hear my plea!
My wife wants not what I want,
and she won't give up till she has her own will, so come forth and help me!”

“What would she have now?” said the fish. “Ah!” said the fisherman, “she wants to be an emperor.” “Go home,” said the fish; “She is an emperor already.”

So he went home and he saw his wife sitting on a very lofty throne made of solid gold, with a great crown on her head full two yards high. And on each side of her stood her guards and attendants in a row. The fisherman went up to her and said, “Wife, are you an emperor?” “Yes”, said she, “I am an emperor.” “Ah!” said the man, as he gazed upon her, “What a fine thing it is to be an emperor!” “Husband,” said she, “it is good to be an emperor.” They were happy for a while.

Then a time came when she was not able to sleep all night for she was thinking what she should ask next. At last, as she was about to fall asleep, morning broke, and the sun rose. “Ha!'” thought she, as she woke up and looked at it through the window, “after all I cannot prevent the sun from rising.” At this thought she was very angry, and wakened her husband, and said, “Husband, go to the fish and tell him I must be Lord of the sun and the moon.” The fisherman was half asleep, but the thought frightened him so much that he fell out of the bed.
“Alas, wife!” said he, “cannot you be happy with being such a powerful emperor?” “No,” said she, “I am very uneasy as long as the sun and the moon rise without my permission. Go to the fish at once!” “I don't think this is a good idea,” said the fisherman but his wife wouldn't listen to him. “ Why don't you just go and ask the fish to make me the Lord of everything,” she said.

Then the man went shivering with fear. As he was going down to the shore a dreadful storm arose. The trees and the very rocks shook and the sky became black with stormy clouds. There were great black waves, swelling up like mountains with crowns of white foam upon their heads. Unfortunately the fisherman did not have any choice, so he got onto his boat and rowed to the middle of the sea and cried out as loud as he could:


“O enchanted beautiful fish! Hear my plea!
My wife wants not what I want,
and she won't give up till she has her own will, so come forth and help me!”

“What does she want now?” said the fish. “I am truly ashamed of my wife's greed but I can't do anything. She wants to be Lord of the sun and the moon. “Go home,” said the fish, “to your small hut.” And it is said that they live there to this very day.

(Adapted from Grimm Brothers, 1812. “The fisherman and his wife”)

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The Scientist Help Sheep Dies

Keith Campbell, a prominent biologist who worked on cloning Dolly the sheep, died at 58, the University of Nottingham said Thursday. Campbell, who had worked on animal improvement and cloning since 1999, died October 5, 2012, University spokesman Tim Utton said. He did not specify the cause, only saying that Campbell had worked at the university until his death.

He began researching animal cloning at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh in 1991. In 1996 the experiments led to the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell.

The sheep was named after the voluptuous singer Dolly Parton. Researchers at the time said that the sheep was created from a mammary gland cell, and that Parton offered an excellent example.

The creation of the sheep captured the public imagination and instantly became a scientific sensation. The experiments drew not only admiration but also anger from some who raised questions about the ethics of cloning. Animal rights activists were outraged, while the church of England expressed reservations. Dolly was put down in 2003 after she developed a lung disease. Campbell's interest in cellular growth dated back to his college days studying microbiology in London.

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